India has built substantial scientific and technological capability, but it still invests relatively little in research and development compared with other major economies. India’s Gross Expenditure on Research and Development is about 0.64% of GDP. By comparison, R&D expenditure is approximately 3.48%…
Innovation, Commercialization & Scientific Talent
Scientists, researchers, engineers and technical professionals; STEM education and research training; doctoral and postdoctoral programs; research fellowships; attracting and retaining global talent; reversing brain drain; industry-academia collaboration; technology transfer; intellectual property; patents; commercialization of publicly funded research; research-based startups; incubators; and pathways that turn Indian scientific discoveries into products, companies and industries.
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Proposed Solutions
India’s universities, IITs, research institutes, and publicly funded laboratories generate scientific knowledge, inventions, and patents, but the value of research is realized only when some of those discoveries move beyond the laboratory and become technologies, products, services, and companies. India already recognizes…